---
title: XXVIII.--HOW THE FROG BEAT THE BUSH BUCK IN A RACE, AND WON HIS DAUG… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: XXVIII.--HOW THE FROG BEAT THE BUSH BUCK IN A RACE, AND WON HIS DAUGHTER AS A WIFE. Who acts: FROG. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 12

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XXVIII.--HOW THE FROG BEAT THE BUSH BUCK IN A RACE, AND WON HIS DAUGHTER AS A WIFE.

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**Who acts:** FROG · **What happens:** beat, win · **To what, where:** XXVIII, DAUGHTER

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (FROG), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:21:12
# text = XXVIII.--HOW THE FROG BEAT THE BUSH BUCK IN A RACE, AND WON HIS DAUGHTER AS A WIFE.
1	XXVIII	xxviii	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	HOW	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	FROG	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	BEAT	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	BUSH	BUSH	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	BUCK	BUCK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	IN	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	RACE	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	AND	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	WON	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	HIS	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	DAUGHTER	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	AS	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	WIFE	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past | the FROG | XXVIII |  |  |  | in a RACE; the BUSH BUCK *obj* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent buck=Patient in race=Topic |
| 2 | **win** | past | the FROG *not said here* | FROG's DAUGHTER |  |  |  | as a WIFE | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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