---
title: Several young men who were noted for their speed and many swift-runn… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Several young men who were noted for their speed and many swift-running animals competed for the bush buck’s daughter, but they were all beaten by the bush buck. Who acts: bush buck. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Chang
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 22

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Several young men who were noted for their speed and many swift-running animals competed for the bush buck’s daughter, but they were all beaten by the bush buck.

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**Who acts:** bush buck · **What happens:** note, run, compete, beat · **To what, where:** Several young men, many running animals, animals

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush buck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:21:22
# text = Several young men who were noted for their speed and many swift-running animals competed for the bush buck’s daughter, but they were all beaten by the bush buck.
1	Several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	noted	note	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
11	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
12	swift	swift	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
16	competed	compete	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	buck	buck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	’s	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
27	all	all	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	buck	buck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **note** | past · passive |  | Several young men |  |  |  | for animals's speed and many running animals; who *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **compete** | participle |  | many running animals *not said here* |  |  |  | for the bush buck's daughter | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **beat** | past · passive | the bush buck | animals *= animal* |  |  |  | all *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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