---
title: But, although the bush buck laughed at the idea, he had to consent t… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: But, although the bush buck laughed at the idea, he had to consent to run, and the race was arranged for the following day along the usual track, and the first home to be the winner. Who acts: bush buck, FROG. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 36

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But, although the bush buck laughed at the idea, he had to consent to run, and the race was arranged for the following day along the usual track, and the first home to be the winner.

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**Who acts:** bush buck, FROG · **What happens:** laugh, have, consent, run, arrange, follow · **To what, where:** idea, race, winner

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush buck, FROG), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:21:36
# text = But, although the bush buck laughed at the idea, he had to consent to run, and the race was arranged for the following day along the usual track, and the first home to be the winner.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	buck	buck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	consent	consent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	amod	_	_
27	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	along	along	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	36	amod	_	_
36	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
38	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	cop	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	winner	winner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | past | the bush buck |  |  | the idea |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past | FROG |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **consent** | to-infinitive | FROG *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **run** | to-infinitive | FROG *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **arrange** | past · passive |  | the race |  |  | day | the first home *obl* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 6 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | the winner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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