--- title: When he had gone about half the distance the bush buck called out, “… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: When he had gone about half the distance the bush buck called out, “Where are you, frog?” and one of the frogs at once answered, “I am here, are you tired of running?” Who acts: FROG, you, one, I. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Y --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/40/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Change…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/) / 40 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 40 When he had gone about half the distance the bush buck called out, “Where are you, frog?” and one of the frogs at once answered, “I am here, are you tired of running?” **Who acts:** FROG, you, one, I · **What happens:** go about, call out, be, answer, run · **To what, where:** distance, bush buck, frog · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (FROG, you, one, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:21:40 # text = When he had gone about half the distance the bush buck called out, “Where are you, frog?” and one of the frogs at once answered, “I am here, are you tired of running?” 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 4 advmod _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 about about ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 half half DET PDT NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind 8 det:predet _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 distance distance NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 buck buck NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 12 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl _ _ 13 out out ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 15 “ " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 16 Where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 20 advmod _ _ 17 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 18 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 frog frog NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ? ? PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 ” " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 24 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nsubj _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nmod _ _ 28 at at ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 30 obl _ _ 30 answered answer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 “ " PUNCT `` _ 35 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 33 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 am be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 35 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 30 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 38 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 39 nsubj _ _ 39 tired tired ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 parataxis _ _ 40 of of SCONJ IN _ 41 mark _ _ 41 running run VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 39 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ? ? PUNCT . _ 41 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 ” " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go about** | past · perfect | FROG | half distance | | | | the bush buck *obj* | tree rules | | 2 | **call out** *speech: assert* | participle | | the bush buck *not said here* | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | you | frog | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **answer** *speech: ask* | past | one of the frogs | | | | | | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | I | | | | | here *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **is** *in a quote* | present | you | | | | | tired *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **run** *in a quote* | gerund | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 39](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/39/) - next →: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/41/) - ↑ back to [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/)