--- title: When the bush buck arrived he was much out of breath from running, a… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: When the bush buck arrived he was much out of breath from running, and was greatly surprised at being beaten by the frog, but as he had passed his word that he would give his daughter to the winner, he handed her to the frog. Who acts: bush buck, FROG. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/45/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Change…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/) / 45 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4, sentence 45 When the bush buck arrived he was much out of breath from running, and was greatly surprised at being beaten by the frog, but as he had passed his word that he would give his daughter to the winner, he handed her to the frog. **Who acts:** bush buck, FROG · **What happens:** arrive, be, run, beat, pass, give · **To what, where:** breath, word, daughter, winner, BUCK This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bush buck, FROG), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:21:45 # text = When the bush buck arrived he was much out of breath from running, and was greatly surprised at being beaten by the frog, but as he had passed his word that he would give his daughter to the winner, he handed her to the frog. 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 5 mark _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 buck buck NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 arrived arrive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 advcl _ _ 6 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 7 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 8 much much ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 9 out out ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 breath breath NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 12 from from SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 13 running run VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 16 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 greatly greatly ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 surprised surprised ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 19 at at SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 20 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 aux:pass _ _ 21 beaten beat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 xcomp _ _ 22 by by ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 frog frog NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 but but CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 as as SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 31 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 that that SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 34 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 35 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 advcl _ _ 37 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 daughter daughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 winner winner NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 43 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 handed hand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 45 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 iobj _ _ 46 to to ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 frog frog NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 44 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **arrive** | past | the bush buck | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | past | FROG | | | breath | | | tree rules | | 3 | **run** | gerund | FROG *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is** | past | the bush buck *not said here* | | | | | greatly, surprised *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **beat** | gerund · passive | the frog | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | | 6 | **pass** | past · perfect | FROG | FROG's word | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme word=Trajectory | | 7 | **give** | would | FROG | FROG's daughter | the winner | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme to winner=Recipient | | 8 | **hand** | past | FROG | | BUCK | | | to the frog | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent she=Theme to frog=Destination | | 9 | **word** | | FROG | | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/44/) - next →: [sentence 46](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/46/) - ↑ back to [Xxv.--how Two Bendega Young Men Changed Their Skins., part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/21/)