---
title: They also collected other nuts and fruit and made them into heaps by… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: They also collected other nuts and fruit and made them into heaps by the wayside where they knew all the people would pass on their way home from working on the elephant’s farm. Who acts: people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxix.--why a Python Neve
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxix.--why a Python Never Swallows a Tortoise., sentence 11

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They also collected other nuts and fruit and made them into heaps by the wayside where they knew all the people would pass on their way home from working on the elephant’s farm.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** collect, make, know, pass on, work · **To what, where:** other nuts, people, heaps, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxix.--why a Python Never Swallows a Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:22:11
# text = They also collected other nuts and fruit and made them into heaps by the wayside where they knew all the people would pass on their way home from working on the elephant’s farm.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wayside	wayside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	21	det:predet	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	ccomp	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	home	home	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
28	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
29	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
30	on	on	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	elephant	elephant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	’s	's	PART	POS	_	32	case	_	_
34	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | people | other nuts and fruit |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | people *not said here* | people |  | heaps |  | by the wayside | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent they=Material into heap=Product |
| 3 | **know** | past | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **pass on** | would | all people | people's way |  |  |  | home *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
| 5 | **work** | gerund | all people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | on the elephant's farm | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on farm=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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