---
title: That night the antelope had to pay again, and by this time he had lo… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: That night the antelope had to pay again, and by this time he had lost quite a lot of money, so he arranged with the eagle that the hawk should hide the next day and the bush cow should try again. Who acts: antelope, hawk, bush cow. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinst
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow., sentence 20

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That night the antelope had to pay again, and by this time he had lost quite a lot of money, so he arranged with the eagle that the hawk should hide the next day and the bush cow should try again.

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**Who acts:** antelope, hawk, bush cow · **What happens:** have, pay, lose, arrange, hide, try · **To what, where:** lot

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxx.--the Game of Hide-and-seek As Played By the Hawk and the Bush Cow.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (antelope, hawk, bush cow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:23:20
# text = That night the antelope had to pay again, and by this time he had lost quite a lot of money, so he arranged with the eagle that the hawk should hide the next day and the bush cow should try again.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	antelope	antelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
17	quite	quite	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	19	det:predet	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	so	so	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	arranged	arrange	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
32	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl:unmarked	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
41	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	_
43	again	again	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the antelope |  |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | to-infinitive | the antelope *not said here* |  |  |  | again |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **lose** | past · perfect | antelope | quite lot of money |  |  | time |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Eventuality |
| 4 | **arrange** | past | antelope |  |  |  |  | with the eagle | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with eagle=Instrument |
| 5 | **hide** | should | the hawk |  |  |  | day |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **try** | should | the bush cow |  |  |  | again |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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