--- title: Aictor shouted so loud that the men, who had never heard a bird talk… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: Aictor shouted so loud that the men, who had never heard a bird talking in their hunting camp before, began to ask among themselves what he was saying, but as they did not understand Ingor, they could not tell one another. Who acts: Aictor, men, bird. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern N --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/48/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/) / 48 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 48 Aictor shouted so loud that the men, who had never heard a bird talking in their hunting camp before, began to ask among themselves what he was saying, but as they did not understand Ingor, they could not tell one another. **Who acts:** Aictor, men, bird · **What happens:** shout, not hear, talk, begin, ask, say · **To what, where:** bird, hunting camp, Ingor, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aictor, men, bird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:25:48 # text = Aictor shouted so loud that the men, who had never heard a bird talking in their hunting camp before, began to ask among themselves what he was saying, but as they did not understand Ingor, they could not tell one another. 1 Aictor Aictor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 shouted shout VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 so so ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 xcomp _ _ 5 that that SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 10 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 acl:relcl _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 talking talk VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 acl _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 18 hunting hunting NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 camp camp NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 20 before before ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 22 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 ask ask VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 xcomp _ _ 25 among among ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 24 obl _ _ 27 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 30 obj _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 32 but but CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 33 as as SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 35 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 37 understand understand VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 43 advcl _ _ 38 Ingor Ingor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 40 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 41 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 43 advmod _ _ 43 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 44 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 43 obj _ _ 45 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 44 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No 46 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Aictor | | | | | loud *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **not** **hear** | past · perfect | the men | a bird | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus | | 3 | **talk** | gerund | a bird *not said here* | | | men's hunting camp | | before *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **begin** | past | the men | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | the men *not said here* | | | | | among men *= man* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · progressive | Aictor | | | | | what *obj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic | | 7 | **not** **understand** | past · do-support | men *= man* | Ingor | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer ingor=Stimulus | | 8 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | could | men *= man* | one | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent one=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 47](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/47/) - next →: [sentence 49](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/49/) - ↑ back to [Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/25/)