---
title: Although Agbor Adam could not understand what the bird said, he susp… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Although Agbor Adam could not understand what the bird said, he suspected something of the truth, so, having fitted an arrow to his bow, he aimed at the bird, thinking that if he could only kill him the trouble would be finished, but Aictor flew away. Who acts: Agbor Adam, bird, Adam, Aictor. A sent
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2, sentence 62

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Although Agbor Adam could not understand what the bird said, he suspected something of the truth, so, having fitted an arrow to his bow, he aimed at the bird, thinking that if he could only kill him the trouble would be finished, but Aictor flew away.

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**Who acts:** Agbor Adam, bird, Adam, Aictor · **What happens:** not understand, say, suspect, fit, aim, think · **To what, where:** something, arrow, bow, bird, trouble · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Agbor Adam, bird, Adam, Aictor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:25:62
# text = Although Agbor Adam could not understand what the bird said, he suspected something of the truth, so, having fitted an arrow to his bow, he aimed at the bird, thinking that if he could only kill him the trouble would be finished, but Aictor flew away.
1	Although	although	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	Agbor	Agbor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Adam	Adam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	10	obj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	suspected	suspect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	having	have	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	aux	_	_
22	fitted	fit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	aimed	aim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
31	at	at	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	advcl	_	_
36	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
37	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
39	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
40	only	only	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
41	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	ccomp	_	_
42	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obj	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obj	_	_
45	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
46	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	aux:pass	_	_
47	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	44	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	Aictor	Aictor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	nsubj	_	_
51	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
52	away	away	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **understand** | could | Agbor Adam |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the bird |  |  |  |  | what *obj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 3 | **suspect** | past | bird | something of the truth |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent something=Attribute |
| 4 | **fit** | gerund · perfect | bird *not said here* | a arrow |  |  |  | to bird's bow *goal* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent arrow=Patient to bow=Goal |
| 5 | **aim** | past | Adam |  |  |  |  | at the bird | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 6 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | Adam *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 7 | **kill** *a condition, not said to happen* | could | Adam | bird |  |  |  | the trouble *obj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer trouble=Result |
| 8 | **finish** | would · passive |  | the trouble *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V» |
| 9 | **fly away** | past | Aictor |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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