---
title: From that time the people who disobeyed a chief were made to pay a f… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: From that time the people who disobeyed a chief were made to pay a fine in tombo, goats, or sheet, according to the order. Who acts: people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, with its d
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, sentence 21

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From that time the people who disobeyed a chief were made to pay a fine in tombo, goats, or sheet, according to the order.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** disobey, make, pay, accord · **To what, where:** chief, people, fine, tombo

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:26:21
# text = From that time the people who disobeyed a chief were made to pay a fine in tombo, goats, or sheet, according to the order.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	disobeyed	disobey	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	tombo	tombo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	goats	goat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	sheet	sheet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	case	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	fixed	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disobey** | past | the people | a chief |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past · passive |  | the people |  |  | time | goats or sheet and the order *obl* | tree rules |
| 3 | **pay** | to-infinitive | the people *not said here* | a fine |  | tombo |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fine=Asset |
| 4 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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