---
title: Essama replied that she had not seen the goat walking about anywhere… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Essama replied that she had not seen the goat walking about anywhere since he had gone down to the river, and advised him to search everywhere for him. Who acts: Essama, goat, BROTHER. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’nde
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, sentence 38

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Essama replied that she had not seen the goat walking about anywhere since he had gone down to the river, and advised him to search everywhere for him.

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**Who acts:** Essama, goat, BROTHER · **What happens:** reply, not see, walk, go down, advise, search · **To what, where:** goat, BROTHER · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Essama, goat, BROTHER), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:26:38
# text = Essama replied that she had not seen the goat walking about anywhere since he had gone down to the river, and advised him to search everywhere for him.
1	Essama	Essama	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	advmod	_	_
13	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	advised	advise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	search	search	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
27	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	26	advmod	_	_
28	for	for	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | Essama |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **see** | past · perfect | ESSAMA | the goat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **walk** | gerund | the goat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | anywhere *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **go down** | past · perfect | BROTHER |  |  |  |  | to the river; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **advise** *speech: other* | past | Essama *not said here* | BROTHER |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 6 | **search** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | BROTHER *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for BROTHER; everywhere *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for he=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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