---
title: The grave was then filled in, whilst drums were being beaten and far… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The grave was then filled in, whilst drums were being beaten and farewells to the chief’s son were being shouted by the people. Who acts: people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, with 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3, sentence 57

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The grave was then filled in, whilst drums were being beaten and farewells to the chief’s son were being shouted by the people.

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**Who acts:** people · **What happens:** fill in, beat, shout · **To what, where:** grave, drums, farewells

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xxxi.--chief Kekong’s Daughter ’ndere Who Married a Python., part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:26:57
# text = The grave was then filled in, whilst drums were being beaten and farewells to the chief’s son were being shouted by the people.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	drums	drum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	beaten	beat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
14	farewells	farewell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	’s	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
21	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	shouted	shout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill in** | past · passive |  | the grave |  |  | then |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **beat** | past · passive |  | drums |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | past · passive | the people | farewells to the chief's son |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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