---
title: [5] These shelters are made out of palm leaves and are quickly put t… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: [5] These shelters are made out of palm leaves and are quickly put together, but they do not keep out the rain. Who acts: shelters. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., sentence 23

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\[5\] These shelters are made out of palm leaves and are quickly put together, but they do not keep out the rain.

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**Who acts:** shelters · **What happens:** make out, put together, not keep out · **To what, where:** shelters, palm leaves, rain

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shelters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:29:23
# text = [5] These shelters are made out of palm leaves and are quickly put together, but they do not keep out the rain.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	These	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	shelters	shelter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
14	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
16	together	together	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	_
23	out	out	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make out** | present · passive |  | this shelters |  | palm leaves |  | 5 *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **put together** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | quickly, together *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP» |
| 3 | **not** **keep out** | present · do-support | shelters *= shelter* | the rain |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rain=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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