---
title: [10] The native lamp was of earthenware, with a fibre wick in palm-o… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: [10] The native lamp was of earthenware, with a fibre wick in palm-oil. Who acts: 10. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound., sentence 31

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\[10\] The native lamp was of earthenware, with a fibre wick in palm-oil.

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**Who acts:** 10 · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Fig. 2.--chief Indoma’s Compound.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (10), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:29:31
# text = [10] The native lamp was of earthenware, with a fibre wick in palm-oil.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	earthenware	earthenware	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	fibre	fibre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	wick	wick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | 10 |  |  |  |  | of earthenware; the native lamp *nsubj*; a fibre wick in palm oil *appos* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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