---
title: I.--HOW AN INKUM WOMAN ABANDONED ONE OF HER TWINS IN THE FOREST, AND… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: I.--HOW AN INKUM WOMAN ABANDONED ONE OF HER TWINS IN THE FOREST, AND HOW IT WAS SAVED BY THE HAWK. Who acts: I., HAWK. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [E. Dayrell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/) / 1

# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I.--HOW AN INKUM WOMAN ABANDONED ONE OF HER TWINS IN THE FOREST, AND HOW IT WAS SAVED BY THE HAWK.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I., HAWK · **What happens:** abandon, save · **To what, where:** ONE, FOREST

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I., HAWK), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:3:1
# text = I.--HOW AN INKUM WOMAN ABANDONED ONE OF HER TWINS IN THE FOREST, AND HOW IT WAS SAVED BY THE HAWK.
1	I.	I.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	HOW	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	AN	an	ADV	GW	Typo=Yes	7	obl	_	_
5	INKUM	INKUM	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	WOMAN	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ABANDONED	abandon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	ONE	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	obj	_	_
9	OF	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	HER	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	TWINS	twin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
12	IN	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	FOREST	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	AND	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	HOW	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
18	IT	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	WAS	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	SAVED	save	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
21	BY	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	THE	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	HAWK	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | past | I. | ONE of WOMAN's TWINS in the FOREST |  |  |  | INKUM WOMAN *nsubj* | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme one=Source |
| 2 | **save** | past · passive | the HAWK | FOREST |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ikom Folk Stories From South…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/2/1/)
- next →: [sentence 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/2/)
- ↑ back to [E. Dayrell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/)