---
title: The first born was a girl, to whom she gave the name of Aro, and the… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The first born was a girl, to whom she gave the name of Aro, and the second was a boy, whom she named Agbor. Who acts: first born girl, second, girl. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 11

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The first born was a girl, to whom she gave the name of Aro, and the second was a boy, whom she named Agbor.

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**Who acts:** first born girl, second, girl · **What happens:** bear, be, give, name · **To what, where:** first born girl, name, boy, Aro

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first born girl, second, girl), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:3:11
# text = The first born was a girl, to whom she gave the name of Aro, and the second was a boy, whom she named Agbor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
3	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Aro	Aro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	26	obj	_	_
25	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	named	name	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	Agbor	Agbor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | the first born girl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | past | the first born girl | the name of Aro |  |  |  | whom *obl*; girl *nsubj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Theme to whom=Recipient |
| 4 | **is a** | past | the second | a boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **name** | past | girl | a boy |  |  |  | Agbor *xcomp* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Theme |
| 6 | **name** |  |  | Aro |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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