--- title: When Awu found that she had given birth to twins she was very much a… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: When Awu found that she had given birth to twins she was very much ashamed of herself, and was afraid to take both the babies back to the town as they would be killed by the people, and she would be turned out of the town and left to starve in the bush. Who acts: Awu, people. A sentence of «Ikom fol --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [E. Dayrell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/) / 12 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 12 When Awu found that she had given birth to twins she was very much ashamed of herself, and was afraid to take both the babies back to the town as they would be killed by the people, and she would be turned out of the town and left to starve in the bush. **Who acts:** Awu, people · **What happens:** find, give, be, take, kill, turn out · **To what, where:** birth, twins, babies, town, Awu, bush · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Awu, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:3:12 # text = When Awu found that she had given birth to twins she was very much ashamed of herself, and was afraid to take both the babies back to the town as they would be killed by the people, and she would be turned out of the town and left to starve in the bush. 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 3 advmod _ _ 2 Awu Awu PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 5 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 6 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 7 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 8 birth birth NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 twins twin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 11 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 cop _ _ 13 very very ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 much much ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 ashamed ashamed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 conj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 herself herself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 afraid afraid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 22 to to PART TO _ 23 mark _ _ 23 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 xcomp _ _ 24 both both CCONJ CC _ 26 cc:preconj _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 27 back back ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 28 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 31 as as SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 32 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 33 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 34 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 advcl _ _ 36 by by ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 41 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 42 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 43 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 44 aux:pass _ _ 44 turned turn VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 45 out out ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 50 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 44 conj _ _ 51 to to PART TO _ 52 mark _ _ 52 starve starve VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 xcomp _ _ 53 in in ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 56 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | past | Awu | | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 2 | **give** | past · perfect | Awu | birth | twins | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent birth=Theme to twin=Recipient | | 3 | **is** | past | Awu | | | | | of Awu; ashamed *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **is** | past | Awu *not said here* | | | | | afraid *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **take** | to-infinitive | Awu *not said here* | the babies | | the town | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent baby=Theme to town=Destination | | 6 | **kill** | would · passive | the people | babies *= baby* | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 7 | **turn out** | would · passive | | Awu | | the town | | | tree rules | | 8 | **leave** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **starve** | to-infinitive | | | | the bush | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/11/) - next →: [sentence 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/13/) - ↑ back to [E. Dayrell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/)