---
title: When the hawk heard that Awu was dead he told Agbor that the next da… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When the hawk heard that Awu was dead he told Agbor that the next day he should go and cry at his mother’s side, so, when the morning came, the hawk dressed Agbor up and he started off to cry. Who acts: hawk, Awu, morning. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrel
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 36

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When the hawk heard that Awu was dead he told Agbor that the next day he should go and cry at his mother’s side, so, when the morning came, the hawk dressed Agbor up and he started off to cry.

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**Who acts:** hawk, Awu, morning · **What happens:** hear, be, tell, go, cry, come · **To what, where:** Agbor, side · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, Awu, morning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:3:36
# text = When the hawk heard that Awu was dead he told Agbor that the next day he should go and cry at his mother’s side, so, when the morning came, the hawk dressed Agbor up and he started off to cry.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	Awu	Awu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	Agbor	Agbor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	iobj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:unmarked	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	’s	's	PART	POS	_	23	case	_	_
25	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	32	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
36	dressed	dress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	parataxis	_	_
37	Agbor	Agbor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
38	up	up	ADP	RP	_	36	compound:prt	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	conj	_	_
42	off	off	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	44	mark	_	_
44	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | the hawk |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | Awu |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | HAWK |  | Agbor |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent agbor=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **go** *not said to happen* | should | HAWK |  |  |  | day |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | HAWK *not said here* |  |  | HAWK's mother's side |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at side=Location |
| 6 | **come** | past | the morning |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **dress up** | past | the hawk | Agbor |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent agbor=Patient |
| 8 | **start off** | past | HAWK |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 9 | **cry** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | HAWK *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [E. Dayrell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/3/)