---
title: The next morning early the hawk started off with his basket of eggs,… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The next morning early the hawk started off with his basket of eggs, and left one egg in every house all round the country, until all the eggs in the basket were exhausted. Who acts: hawk. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell., with its dependenc
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, E. Dayrell., sentence 48

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The next morning early the hawk started off with his basket of eggs, and left one egg in every house all round the country, until all the eggs in the basket were exhausted.

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**Who acts:** hawk · **What happens:** start off, leave, exhaust · **To what, where:** one egg, house, eggs

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, E. Dayrell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:3:48
# text = The next morning early the hawk started off with his basket of eggs, and left one egg in every house all round the country, until all the eggs in the basket were exhausted.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
22	all	all	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
23	round	round	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
27	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
28	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	30	det:predet	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	exhausted	exhaust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start off** | past | the hawk |  |  |  | morning | with HAWK's basket of eggs; early *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V PP.subeventuality»: agent=Eventuality with basket=Subeventuality |
| 2 | **leave** | past | the hawk *not said here* | one egg |  | every house |  | round the country | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in house=Location |
| 3 | **exhaust** | past · passive |  | all eggs in the basket |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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