---
title: The hare (_asima bieso_, native name) was known to everyone as a ver… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The hare (_asima bieso_, native name) was known to everyone as a very cunning animal. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 1

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The hare (\_asima bieso\_, native name) was known to everyone as a very cunning animal.

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**What happens:** know · **To what, where:** hare

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:4:1
# text = The hare (_asima bieso_, native name) was known to everyone as a very cunning animal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	asima	asima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	bieso	bieso	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	13	obl	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	very	very	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	cunning	cunning	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past · passive |  | the hare |  |  |  | to everyone; as a cunning animal | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus as animal=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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