--- title: The next day the small boy from the town, who was hungry (yams being… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The next day the small boy from the town, who was hungry (yams being scarce at that time), waited until the mushroom boy had gone out, and then went softly in and stole all the food, filling the calabash with water, which he replaced where he had found the food. Who acts: town, yams, small boy, mush --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/105/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/) / 105 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 105 The next day the small boy from the town, who was hungry (yams being scarce at that time), waited until the mushroom boy had gone out, and then went softly in and stole all the food, filling the calabash with water, which he replaced where he had found the food. **Who acts:** town, yams, small boy, mushroom boy, boy · **What happens:** be, wait, go out, go, steal, fill · **To what, where:** food, calabash This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (town, yams, small boy, mushroom boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:4:106 # text = The next day the small boy from the town, who was hungry (yams being scarce at that time), waited until the mushroom boy had gone out, and then went softly in and stole all the food, filling the calabash with water, which he replaced where he had found the food. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl:unmarked _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 7 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 cop _ _ 13 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 acl:relcl _ _ 14 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 yams yam NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 16 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 17 cop _ _ 17 scarce scarce ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 conj _ _ 18 at at ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 that that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 det _ _ 20 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 17 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 23 waited wait VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 24 until until SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 mushroom mushroom NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 28 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 23 conj _ _ 30 out out ADP RP _ 29 compound:prt _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 34 advmod _ _ 34 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 35 softly softly ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 in in ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 stole steal VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 39 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 41 det:predet _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 43 filling fill VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 38 advcl _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 calabash calabash NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 46 with with ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 48 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 49 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 51 obj _ _ 50 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 51 nsubj _ _ 51 replaced replace VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 acl:relcl _ _ 52 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 55 advmod _ _ 53 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 nsubj _ _ 54 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 55 aux _ _ 55 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 51 advcl _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 58 . . PUNCT . _ 23 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the town | | | | | hungry *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | gerund | yams | | | | time | scarce *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **wait** | past | the small boy from the town | | | | day | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **go out** | past · perfect | the mushroom boy | | | | | | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **go** | past | the small boy from the town *not said here* | | | | then | softly *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **steal** | past | the small boy from the town *not said here* | all food | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme | | 7 | **fill** | gerund | the small boy from the town *not said here* | the calabash | | | | with water | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent calabash=Patient with water=Instrument | | 8 | **replace** | past | boy | the calabash | | | | | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme which=Co-Theme | | 9 | **find** | past · perfect | boy | the food | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 104](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/104/) - next →: [sentence 106](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/106/) - ↑ back to [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/)