---
title: Since that time the mushroom has refused to take pity on women who h… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Since that time the mushroom has refused to take pity on women who have no children, and he has never changed himself into a baby again. Who acts: women, boy. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched She
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 110

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Since that time the mushroom has refused to take pity on women who have no children, and he has never changed himself into a baby again.

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**Who acts:** women, boy · **What happens:** refuse, not take, have, not change · **To what, where:** mushroom, pity, children, boy, baby

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (women, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:4:111
# text = Since that time the mushroom has refused to take pity on women who have no children, and he has never changed himself into a baby again.
1	Since	since	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	refused	refuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	16	det	_	_
16	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
23	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	22	obj	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	again	again	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | present · perfect · passive |  | the mushroom |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **take** | to-infinitive |  | pity |  |  |  | on women | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pity=Theme on woman=Destination |
| 3 | **have** | present | women | no children |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **change** | present · perfect | boy | boy |  |  | again | into a baby *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into baby=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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