--- title: But the hare stood up as the accuser, and the people decided that th… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: But the hare stood up as the accuser, and the people decided that the bush cat was guilty, and the king ordered him to be killed, and said that the meat was to be dried by Keroho and brought to him in the morning. Who acts: hare, people, bush cat, king. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/) / 17 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 17 But the hare stood up as the accuser, and the people decided that the bush cat was guilty, and the king ordered him to be killed, and said that the meat was to be dried by Keroho and brought to him in the morning. **Who acts:** hare, people, bush cat, king, Keroho · **What happens:** stand up, decide, be, order, kill, say · **To what, where:** cat, meat · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, people, bush cat, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:4:17 # text = But the hare stood up as the accuser, and the people decided that the bush cat was guilty, and the king ordered him to be killed, and said that the meat was to be dried by Keroho and brought to him in the morning. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 hare hare NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 4 compound:prt _ _ 6 as as ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 accuser accuser NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 decided decide VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 14 that that SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 ordered order VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 25 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 27 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 32 that that SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 37 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 dried dry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 ccomp _ _ 39 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 Keroho Keroho PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 43 to to ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obl _ _ 45 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stand up** | past | the hare | | | | | as the accuser | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **decide** | past | the people | | | | | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is** | past | the bush cat | | | | | guilty *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **order** | past | the king | | cat | | | | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **kill** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive | the king *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **dry** | past · passive | Keroho | the meat | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient subject=Result | | 8 | **bring** | past | | | cat | | morning | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to he=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/16/) - next →: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/18/) - ↑ back to [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/)