---
title: As usual, the hare stole the meat at night and the animal was killed… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: As usual, the hare stole the meat at night and the animal was killed the next day. Who acts: usual hare. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 36

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As usual, the hare stole the meat at night and the animal was killed the next day.

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**Who acts:** usual hare · **What happens:** steal, kill · **To what, where:** meat, animal

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (usual hare), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:4:36
# text = As usual, the hare stole the meat at night and the animal was killed the next day.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stole	steal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | past | the usual hare | the meat |  |  | night |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location meat=Theme |
| 2 | **kill** | past · passive |  | the animal |  |  | day |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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