---
title: At length the hare became absolutely terrified, and kicked the rubbe… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: At length the hare became absolutely terrified, and kicked the rubber hard with one of his feet, which became as fast as his hands were, and very shortly the other foot also became caught up, so that he was held quite securely. Who acts: hare, hands, other foot. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 56

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At length the hare became absolutely terrified, and kicked the rubber hard with one of his feet, which became as fast as his hands were, and very shortly the other foot also became caught up, so that he was held quite securely.

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**Who acts:** hare, hands, other foot · **What happens:** become, kick, be, catch up, hold · **To what, where:** length, rubber, hare

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, hands, other foot), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:4:56
# text = At length the hare became absolutely terrified, and kicked the rubber hard with one of his feet, which became as fast as his hands were, and very shortly the other foot also became caught up, so that he was held quite securely.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	hare	hare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	absolutely	absolutely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	terrified	terrified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	kicked	kick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
22	as	as	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	21	advmod	_	_
24	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
30	very	very	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	shortly	shortly	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
35	also	also	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
36	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
37	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	xcomp	_	_
38	up	up	ADP	RP	_	37	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
40	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	44	mark	_	_
41	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	fixed	_	_
42	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
43	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	44	aux:pass	_	_
44	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	conj	_	_
45	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	securely	securely	ADV	RB	_	44	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the hare |  |  | length |  | terrified *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **kick** | past | the hare *not said here* | the rubber |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent rubber=Patient |
| 3 | **become** | past |  |  |  |  |  | with one; of hare's feet; which *nsubj*; fast *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **be** | past | hare's hands |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **become** | past | the other foot |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **catch up** | participle | the other foot *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **hold** | past · passive |  | hare |  |  |  | securely *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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