--- title: The hare was found guilty, and was ordered to pay a large number of… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The hare was found guilty, and was ordered to pay a large number of brass rods, and he was told that if they were not forthcoming, he would be killed, and that his mother and sister would be killed with him, as he had been the cause of the death of so many animals. Who acts: rods, hare, many animals --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/61/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/) / 61 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 61 The hare was found guilty, and was ordered to pay a large number of brass rods, and he was told that if they were not forthcoming, he would be killed, and that his mother and sister would be killed with him, as he had been the cause of the death of so many animals. **Who acts:** rods, hare, many animals · **What happens:** find, order, pay, tell, not be, kill · **To what, where:** hare, large number, mother, cause · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rods, hare, many animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:4:61 # text = The hare was found guilty, and was ordered to pay a large number of brass rods, and he was told that if they were not forthcoming, he would be killed, and that his mother and sister would be killed with him, as he had been the cause of the death of so many animals. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hare hare NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 found find VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 guilty guilty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 ordered order VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 pay pay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 brass brass NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 rods rod NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 told tell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 23 that that SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 24 if if SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 26 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 cop _ _ 27 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 28 advmod _ _ 28 forthcoming forthcoming ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 30 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 31 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 36 that that SCONJ IN _ 43 mark _ _ 37 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nsubj _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 40 sister sister NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 conj _ _ 41 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 43 aux:pass _ _ 43 killed kill VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 44 with with ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 47 as as SCONJ IN _ 52 mark _ _ 48 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nsubj _ _ 49 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 52 aux _ _ 50 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 52 cop _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 cause cause NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 parataxis _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 death death NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nmod _ _ 56 of of ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 57 so so ADV RB _ 58 advmod _ _ 58 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 59 amod _ _ 59 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 60 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **find** | past · passive | | the hare | | | | guilty *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | | 2 | **order** | past · passive | | | | | | | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: clause=Topic | | 3 | **pay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | a large number of brass rods | | | | | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Asset | | 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past · passive | | hare | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **not** **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | rods *= rod* | | | | | forthcoming *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **kill** | would · passive | | hare | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 7 | **kill** | would · passive | | hare's mother and sister | | | | with hare | vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with he=Instrument | | 8 | **is a** | past · perfect | hare | the cause | | | | of the death of many animals | tree rules | | 9 | **die** | | many animals | | | | | | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 60](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/60/) - next →: [sentence 62](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/62/) - ↑ back to [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/)