---
title: He then ran home and got his mother and sister to come with him at o… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: He then ran home and got his mother and sister to come with him at once to the foot of a big cotton tree, and, having got a rope round the lowest branch, he very soon got to the top of the tree, where he built a small hut for himself and his people. Who acts: hare, having. A sentence of «Ikom folk s
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 63

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He then ran home and got his mother and sister to come with him at once to the foot of a big cotton tree, and, having got a rope round the lowest branch, he very soon got to the top of the tree, where he built a small hut for himself and his people.

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**Who acts:** hare, having · **What happens:** run, get, come, have, build · **To what, where:** mother, foot, rope, small hut

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, having), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:4:63
# text = He then ran home and got his mother and sister to come with him at once to the foot of a big cotton tree, and, having got a rope round the lowest branch, he very soon got to the top of the tree, where he built a small hut for himself and his people.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	home	home	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	12	obl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	29	csubj	_	_
29	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
32	round	round	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	lowest	low	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	35	amod	_	_
35	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	very	very	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	40	advmod	_	_
40	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	parataxis	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
48	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	50	advmod	_	_
49	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	nsubj	_	_
50	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	conj	_	_
51	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obj	_	_
54	for	for	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	50	obl	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
57	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	58	nmod:poss	_	_
58	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past | hare |  |  |  | then | home *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | past | hare *not said here* | hare's mother and sister |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mother=Stimulus |
| 3 | **come** | to-infinitive | hare *not said here* |  |  | the foot of a big cotton tree |  | with hare | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to foot=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **get** | past | having | a rope |  |  |  | round the lowest branch | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rope=Stimulus |
| 6 | **get** | participle | hare |  |  |  |  | to the top of the tree *result*; soon *property* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to top=Result |
| 7 | **build** | past | hare | a small hut |  |  |  | for hare | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent hut=Material for himself=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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