--- title: When she got inside she put all the little pieces of the shell toget… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: When she got inside she put all the little pieces of the shell together and placed them on her husband’s back, where they grew quite strongly, but the marks showed where the pieces were joined together, and that is why you always find that the shell of a tortoise is covered in patches, and not smoot --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/73/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/) / 73 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 73 When she got inside she put all the little pieces of the shell together and placed them on her husband’s back, where they grew quite strongly, but the marks showed where the pieces were joined together, and that is why you always find that the shell of a tortoise is covered in patches, and not smooth as it was formerly.--\[E.D., 26.5.10.\] **Who acts:** shell, people, marks, that, you, basket · **What happens:** get, put, place, grow, show, join · **To what, where:** little pieces, people, pieces, shell · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shell, people, marks, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:4:73 # text = When she got inside she put all the little pieces of the shell together and placed them on her husband’s back, where they grew quite strongly, but the marks showed where the pieces were joined together, and that is why you always find that the shell of a tortoise is covered in patches, and not smooth as it was formerly.--[E.D., 26.5.10.] 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 3 advmod _ _ 2 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 4 inside inside ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 put put VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 10 det:predet _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 together together ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 placed place VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 17 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ _ 20 husband husband NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 ’s be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 22 back back ADV RB _ 21 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 24 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 26 advmod _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 27 quite quite ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 strongly strongly ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 30 but but CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 marks mark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 33 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 34 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 38 advmod _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 pieces piece NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj:pass _ _ 37 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux:pass _ _ 38 joined join VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 33 ccomp _ _ 39 together together ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 42 that that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 44 nsubj _ _ 43 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 44 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 38 conj _ _ 45 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 47 nsubj _ _ 46 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 47 advmod _ _ 47 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 advcl:relcl _ _ 48 that that SCONJ IN _ 55 mark _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nsubj:pass _ _ 51 of of ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 tortoise tortoise NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nmod _ _ 54 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 55 aux:pass _ _ 55 covered cover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 47 ccomp _ _ 56 in in ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 patches patch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 58 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 60 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 61 advmod _ _ 61 smooth smooth ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 conj _ _ 62 as as SCONJ IN _ 65 mark _ _ 63 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 65 nsubj _ _ 64 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 65 cop _ _ 65 formerly formerly ADV RB _ 61 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 66 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 67 -- -- PUNCT , _ 69 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 68 [ [ PUNCT -LRB- _ 69 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 69 E.D E.D PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 70 . . PUNCT . _ 69 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 71 , , PUNCT , _ 72 punct _ _ 72 26.5.10 26.5.10 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 69 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 73 . . PUNCT . _ 72 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 74 ] ] PUNCT -RRB- _ 72 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **get** | past | shell | | | | | inside *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **put** | past | shell | all little pieces of the shell | | | | E.D *obl*; together *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent piece=Goal | | 3 | **place** | past | shell *not said here* | people | | | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 4 | **grow** | past | people | | | | | strongly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **show** | past | the marks | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **join** | past · passive | | the pieces | | | | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **is** | present | that | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **find** | present | you | | | | | always *property* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 9 | **cover** | present · passive | | the shell of a tortoise | | | | in patches | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in patch=Theme | | 10 | **is** | past | basket | | | | | formerly *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 72](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/72/) - next →: [sentence 74](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/74/) - ↑ back to [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/)