--- title: After he had been waiting for a short time, a bush cat passed on his… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: After he had been waiting for a short time, a bush cat passed on his way to the farm, whereupon the hare jumped up and said: “Have you visited the king’s piece of ground this morning?” Who acts: hare, bush cat, you. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.- --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/) / 8 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 8 After he had been waiting for a short time, a bush cat passed on his way to the farm, whereupon the hare jumped up and said: “Have you visited the king’s piece of ground this morning?” **Who acts:** hare, bush cat, you · **What happens:** wait, pass, jump up, say, visit · **To what, where:** bush cat, way, piece · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hare, bush cat, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:4:8 # text = After he had been waiting for a short time, a bush cat passed on his way to the farm, whereupon the hare jumped up and said: “Have you visited the king’s piece of ground this morning?” 1 After after SCONJ IN _ 5 mark _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 3 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 aux _ _ 5 waiting wait VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _ 6 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 14 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 farm farm NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 whereupon whereupon ADV WRB PronType=Int 25 advmod _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 hare hare NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 jumped jump VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 26 up up ADP RP _ 25 compound:prt _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 29 : : PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 30 “ " PUNCT `` _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 Have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 visited visit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 28 ccomp _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 36 ’s 's PART POS _ 35 case _ _ 37 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 40 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 41 det _ _ 41 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ? ? PUNCT . _ 33 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 ” " PUNCT '' _ 25 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wait** | past · perfect · progressive | hare | | | | time | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **pass** | participle | | a bush cat *not said here* | | hare's way to the farm | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on way=Location | | 3 | **jump up** | past | a bush cat | | | | | the hare *nsubj*; whereupon *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | a bush cat *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 5 | **visit** *in a quote* | present · perfect | you | the king's piece of ground | | | morning | | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Co-Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/7/) - next →: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/9/) - ↑ back to [Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/4/)