---
title: The mushroom, who was kind-hearted, then took pity on Igiri, and tur… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The mushroom, who was kind-hearted, then took pity on Igiri, and turned itself into a boy baby, much to the joy of the woman, who at once picked the baby up and placed him in her basket with the mushrooms. Who acts: mushroom, woman. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinst
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell., sentence 90

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The mushroom, who was kind-hearted, then took pity on Igiri, and turned itself into a boy baby, much to the joy of the woman, who at once picked the baby up and placed him in her basket with the mushrooms.

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**Who acts:** mushroom, woman · **What happens:** be, take, turn, pick up, place, joy · **To what, where:** pity, Igiri, MUSHROOM, boy baby, baby, son

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ii.--the Cunning Hare; Or, Why the Tortoise Has a Patched Shell.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mushroom, woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:4:91
# text = The mushroom, who was kind-hearted, then took pity on Igiri, and turned itself into a boy baby, much to the joy of the woman, who at once picked the baby up and placed him in her basket with the mushrooms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mushroom	mushroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	hearted	hearted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
10	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
11	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	pity	pity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Igiri	Igiri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
18	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
33	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
34	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	35	advmod	_	_
35	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	up	up	ADP	RP	_	35	compound:prt	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	placed	place	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	conj	_	_
41	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obj	_	_
42	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	basket	basket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
45	with	with	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the mushroom |  |  |  |  | hearted *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | past | the mushroom | pity |  | Igiri | then |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pity=Theme on igiri=Destination |
| 3 | **turn** | past | the mushroom *not said here* | MUSHROOM |  | a boy baby |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent itself=Theme into baby=Trajectory |
| 4 | **pick up** | past | the woman | the baby |  |  |  | once *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Topic |
| 5 | **place** | past | the woman *not said here* | son |  | woman's basket with the mushrooms |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme in basket=Destination |
| 6 | **joy** |  |  | the woman |  |  |  |  | nom joy «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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