---
title: The following day, as soon as it was light, Oga started off again fo… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The following day, as soon as it was light, Oga started off again for the grave, and cried more, and by sundown her mother’s head and shoulders had appeared. Who acts: grave, Oga, head. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 10

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The following day, as soon as it was light, Oga started off again for the grave, and cried more, and by sundown her mother’s head and shoulders had appeared.

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**Who acts:** grave, Oga, head · **What happens:** follow, be, start off, cry, appear · **To what, where:** more

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grave, Oga, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:5:10
# text = The following day, as soon as it was light, Oga started off again for the grave, and cried more, and by sundown her mother’s head and shoulders had appeared.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	light	light	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
12	Oga	Oga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	off	off	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	again	again	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	sundown	sundown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
27	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	’s	's	PART	POS	_	28	case	_	_
30	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
33	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux	_	_
34	appeared	appear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | grave |  |  |  |  | light *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **start off** | past | Oga |  |  |  | again; day | for the grave | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* | past |  | more |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |
| 5 | **appear** | past · perfect | Oga's mother's head and shoulders |  |  |  |  | by sundown | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sundown=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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