--- title: When night time came, Edim, who had not been very securely fastened,… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: When night time came, Edim, who had not been very securely fastened, called to the other four boys, and, managing to get his teeth to the tie-tie which bound the boy nearest to him, he bit it through, and the boy who was then released undid Edim’s thongs, and together they freed the other three boys --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/) / 42 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 42 When night time came, Edim, who had not been very securely fastened, called to the other four boys, and, managing to get his teeth to the tie-tie which bound the boy nearest to him, he bit it through, and the boy who was then released undid Edim’s thongs, and together they freed the other three boys. **Who acts:** night time, tie tie, Edim, boys · **What happens:** come, not fasten, call, manage, get, bind · **To what, where:** Edim, teeth, boy, grave, other three boys · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (night time, tie tie, Edim, boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:5:42 # text = When night time came, Edim, who had not been very securely fastened, called to the other four boys, and, managing to get his teeth to the tie-tie which bound the boy nearest to him, he bit it through, and the boy who was then released undid Edim’s thongs, and together they freed the other three boys. 1 When when SCONJ WRB _ 4 mark _ _ 2 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 time time NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 Edim Edim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 8 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 14 nsubj _ _ 9 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 11 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 aux:pass _ _ 12 very very ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 securely securely ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 fastened fasten VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 19 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 20 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 boys boy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl:agent _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 managing manage VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 get get VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 xcomp _ _ 28 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 29 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 30 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 32 tie tie NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 33 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 32 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 34 tie tie NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 35 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 36 nsubj _ _ 36 bound bind VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 acl:relcl _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 obj _ _ 39 nearest near ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 38 amod _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 43 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 44 bit bite VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 45 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ _ 46 through through ADV RB _ 44 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 advcl _ _ 51 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 54 nsubj:pass _ _ 52 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 aux:pass _ _ 53 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 54 advmod _ _ 54 released release VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 50 acl:relcl _ _ 55 undid undid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 56 amod _ _ 56 Edim Edim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 58 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 57 ’s 's PART POS _ 56 case _ _ 58 thongs thong NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 59 , , PUNCT , _ 63 punct _ _ 60 and and CCONJ CC _ 63 cc _ _ 61 together together ADV RB _ 63 advmod _ _ 62 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 63 nsubj _ _ 63 freed free VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 conj _ _ 64 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 67 det _ _ 65 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 67 amod _ _ 66 three three NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 67 nummod _ _ 67 boys boy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 63 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 68 . . PUNCT . _ 44 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | night time | Edim | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **not** **fasten** | past · perfect · passive | | Edim | | | | securely *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **call** | participle | | | | | | the other four boys *obl:agent* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **manage** | gerund | night time *not said here* | | | | | | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **get** | to-infinitive | night time *not said here* | Edim's teeth | | | | to the tie tie | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tooth=Stimulus | | 6 | **bind** | past | the tie tie | the boy | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Patient | | 7 | **bite** | past | Edim | grave | | | | the boy *advcl*; through *property* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 8 | **release** | past · passive | | the boy | | | then | undid Edim's thongs *obj* | tree rules | | 9 | **free** | past | boys *= boy* | the other three boys | | | | together *property* | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer boy=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/41/) - next →: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/43/) - ↑ back to [Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/5/)