---
title: When he had helped the others out, they all ran down to the beach, w… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: When he had helped the others out, they all ran down to the beach, where they seized a canoe and paddled down river as hard as they could go to Akuna Muna. Who acts: Edim, others. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Br
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 44

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When he had helped the others out, they all ran down to the beach, where they seized a canoe and paddled down river as hard as they could go to Akuna Muna.

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**Who acts:** Edim, others · **What happens:** help out, run down, seize, paddle down, go · **To what, where:** others, canoe, river, Akuna

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Edim, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:5:44
# text = When he had helped the others out, they all ran down to the beach, where they seized a canoe and paddled down river as hard as they could go to Akuna Muna.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
11	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	down	down	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	19	advmod	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	paddled	paddle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
24	down	down	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	as	as	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
28	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
29	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nsubj	_	_
30	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Akuna	Akuna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	_
34	Muna	Muna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help out** | past · perfect | Edim | the others |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **run down** | past | others *= other* |  |  |  |  | to the beach *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to beach=Result |
| 3 | **seize** | past | others *= other* | a canoe |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent canoe=Theme |
| 4 | **paddle down** | past | others *= other* *not said here* | river |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Theme |
| 5 | **go** | could | others *= other* |  |  | Akuna |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to akuna=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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