---
title: At last one of the dogs jumped into the water and swam across, and w… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: At last one of the dogs jumped into the water and swam across, and was very soon followed by the other four. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 79

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At last one of the dogs jumped into the water and swam across, and was very soon followed by the other four.

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**What happens:** jump, swim, follow · **To what, where:** water

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:5:79
# text = At last one of the dogs jumped into the water and swam across, and was very soon followed by the other four.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	swam	swim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	across	across	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	19	advmod	_	_
19	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past |  |  |  |  |  | into the water *result*; at last one of the dogs | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into water=Result |
| 2 | **swim** | past |  |  |  |  |  | across *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **follow** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | by the other four; soon *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: by four=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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