---
title: In the morning Achor saw the five bundles outside, and asked her hus… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: In the morning Achor saw the five bundles outside, and asked her husband how he had managed to carry them all, but he refused to tell her. Who acts: Achor, HUSBAND. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to L
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again., sentence 83

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In the morning Achor saw the five bundles outside, and asked her husband how he had managed to carry them all, but he refused to tell her.

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**Who acts:** Achor, HUSBAND · **What happens:** see, ask, manage, carry, refuse, not tell · **To what, where:** five bundles, husband, bundles, Achor · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Iv.--how Elili of Inkum Died, and Was Brought Back to Life Again.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Achor, HUSBAND), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:5:83
# text = In the morning Achor saw the five bundles outside, and asked her husband how he had managed to carry them all, but he refused to tell her.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	Achor	Achor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	bundles	bundle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	husband	husband	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	managed	manage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Achor | the five bundles |  |  | morning |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bundle=Stimulus |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Achor *not said here* |  | Achor's husband |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S»: agent=Agent husband=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **manage** | past · perfect | HUSBAND |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **carry** | to-infinitive | HUSBAND *not said here* | bundles *= bundle* |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 5 | **refuse** | past | HUSBAND |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | HUSBAND *not said here* |  | Achor |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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