--- title: They also believe that, when a chief arrives in the Spirit Land, acc… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: They also believe that, when a chief arrives in the Spirit Land, accompanied by these slaves, carrying the gin cloth, rods, etc., which were placed in the grave, the people of the Spirit Land-will say, “This is a chief coming. Who acts: slaves, chief, Spirit, This. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories f --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/117/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Sp…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/) / 117 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 117 They also believe that, when a chief arrives in the Spirit Land, accompanied by these slaves, carrying the gin cloth, rods, etc., which were placed in the grave, the people of the Spirit Land-will say, “This is a chief coming. **Who acts:** slaves, chief, Spirit, This · **What happens:** believe, arrive, accompany, carry, place, say · **To what, where:** Spirit Land, gin cloth, rods, grave · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (slaves, chief, Spirit, This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:6:118 # text = They also believe that, when a chief arrives in the Spirit Land, accompanied by these slaves, carrying the gin cloth, rods, etc., which were placed in the grave, the people of the Spirit Land-will say, “This is a chief coming. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 also also ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 believe believe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 6 when when SCONJ WRB _ 9 mark _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 chief chief NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 arrives arrive VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 Spirit Spirit PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 Land Land PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 accompanied accompany VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 16 by by ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 18 det _ _ 18 slaves slave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 carrying carry VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 advcl _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 gin gin NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 23 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 rods rod NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 etc. etc. NOUN FW Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur 25 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj:pass _ _ 30 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 placed place VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 acl _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 grave grave NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 35 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 Spirit Spirit PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 41 Land Land PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 42 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 43 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 46 “ " PUNCT `` _ 50 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 47 This this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 50 nsubj _ _ 48 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 50 cop _ _ 49 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 chief chief ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 ccomp _ _ 51 coming come VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 50 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **believe** | present | slaves *= slave* | | | | | rods and etc. and the people of the Spirit *parataxis* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | | 2 | **arrive** | present | a chief | | | the Spirit Land | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **accompany** | participle | | | | | | by this slaves | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by slave=Destination | | 4 | **carry** | gerund | | the gin cloth | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Theme | | 5 | **place** | past · passive | | rods and etc. and the people of the Spirit | | the grave | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in grave=Destination | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | future | the Spirit *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is** *in a quote* | present | This | | | | | chief *property* | tree rules | | 8 | **come** *in a quote* | gerund | This *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 116](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/116/) - next →: [sentence 118](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/118/) - ↑ back to [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/)