--- title: They started off together in the morning before the sun was hot, and… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: They started off together in the morning before the sun was hot, and when they had gone some little way, the spider said to his friend, “While we are away together, I want you to call me ‘Stranger,’ and I will call you ‘Dabi.’ Who acts: spider, sun, we, friend. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Sp…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/) / 4 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 4 They started off together in the morning before the sun was hot, and when they had gone some little way, the spider said to his friend, “While we are away together, I want you to call me ‘Stranger,’ and I will call you ‘Dabi.’ **Who acts:** spider, sun, we, friend · **What happens:** start off, be, go, say, want, call · **To what, where:** little way, friend, spider · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spider, sun, we, friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:6:4 # text = They started off together in the morning before the sun was hot, and when they had gone some little way, the spider said to his friend, “While we are away together, I want you to call me ‘Stranger,’ and I will call you ‘Dabi.’ 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 started start VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 off off ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 4 together together ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 before before SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 sun sun NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 12 hot hot ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 18 advmod _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ _ 19 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 21 det _ _ 20 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 spider spider NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 25 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 26 to to ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ _ 28 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 29 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 30 “ " PUNCT `` _ 34 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 31 While while SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 32 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 33 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 34 away away ADV RB _ 25 ccomp _ _ 35 together together ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 want want VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 parataxis _ _ 39 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ _ 40 to to PART TO _ 41 mark _ _ 41 call call VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 xcomp _ _ 42 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 41 obj _ _ 43 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 44 Stranger stranger NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 45 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 46 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 44 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 48 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 50 nsubj _ _ 49 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 50 call call VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 51 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 50 obj _ _ 52 ‘ ' PUNCT `` _ 53 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 53 Dabi Dabi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 50 vocative _ SpaceAfter=No 54 . . PUNCT . _ 50 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 55 ’ ' PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **start off** | past | spider | | | | morning | together *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **is** | past | the sun | | | | | hot *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **go** | past · perfect | spider | some little way | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the spider | some little way *not said here* | grasshopper's friend | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Topic to friend=Recipient | | 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | we | | | | | away, together *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **want** *in a quote* | present | the spider *= spider* | grasshopper's friend *= friend* | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **call** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | grasshopper's friend *= friend* *not said here* | | the spider *= spider* | | | Stranger *xcomp* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient | | 8 | **call** *in a quote* | future | the spider *= spider* | | grasshopper's friend *= friend* | | | Dabi *vocative* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/3/) - next →: [sentence 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/5/) - ↑ back to [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/)