--- title: Everything was quiet when he returned, so he lifted the lid again, a… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: Everything was quiet when he returned, so he lifted the lid again, and took out a large piece of yam, and had only taken one bite, when his eye was caught by the grasshopper’s skin in the same place where he had seen it before. Who acts: Everything, grasshopper, skin. A sentence of «Ikom folk storie --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/43/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Sp…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/) / 43 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 43 Everything was quiet when he returned, so he lifted the lid again, and took out a large piece of yam, and had only taken one bite, when his eye was caught by the grasshopper’s skin in the same place where he had seen it before. **Who acts:** Everything, grasshopper, skin · **What happens:** be, return, lift, take out, take, catch · **To what, where:** lid, large piece, one bite, eye, same place, piece This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Everything, grasshopper, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:6:43 # text = Everything was quiet when he returned, so he lifted the lid again, and took out a large piece of yam, and had only taken one bite, when his eye was caught by the grasshopper’s skin in the same place where he had seen it before. 1 Everything everything PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 3 nsubj _ _ 2 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 quiet quiet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 6 advmod _ _ 5 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 returned return VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 so so ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 9 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 lifted lift VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 lid lid NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 again again ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 17 out out ADP RP _ 16 compound:prt _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 large large ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 piece piece NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 yam yam NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 25 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 26 only only ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 parataxis _ _ 28 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 29 bite bite NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 31 when when SCONJ WRB _ 35 mark _ _ 32 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 eye eye NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux:pass _ _ 35 caught catch VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ _ 36 by by ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 grasshopper grasshopper NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 39 ’s 's PART POS _ 38 case _ _ 40 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 43 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 45 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 48 advmod _ _ 46 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 47 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 44 acl:relcl _ _ 49 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 obj _ _ 50 before before ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Everything | | | | | quiet *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **return** | past | grasshopper | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **lift** | past | grasshopper | the lid | | | again | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lid=Theme | | 4 | **take out** | past | grasshopper *not said here* | a large piece of yam | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme | | 5 | **take** | past · perfect | | one bite | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bite=Theme | | 6 | **catch** | past · passive | the grasshopper's skin | grasshopper's eye | | the same place | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | | 7 | **see** | past · perfect | grasshopper | piece | | | | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/42/) - next →: [sentence 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/44/) - ↑ back to [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/)