---
title: Chief Tawu then gave both the spider and the grasshopper a dog each… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Chief Tawu then gave both the spider and the grasshopper a dog each as a present, and shortly afterwards they started off together on their-return journey. Who acts: Chief, spider. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spi
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 48

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Chief Tawu then gave both the spider and the grasshopper a dog each as a present, and shortly afterwards they started off together on their-return journey.

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**Who acts:** Chief, spider · **What happens:** give, start off, journey · **To what, where:** dog, spider, return journey

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, spider), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:6:48
# text = Chief Tawu then gave both the spider and the grasshopper a dog each as a present, and shortly afterwards they started off together on their-return journey.
1	Chief	Chief	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Tawu	Tawu	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc:preconj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	iobj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	grasshopper	grasshopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
13	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	shortly	shortly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
23	off	off	ADP	RP	_	22	compound:prt	_	_
24	together	together	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Chief | a dog | the spider and the grasshopper |  | then | as a present | tree rules |
| 2 | **start off** | past | spider |  |  | spider's return journey |  | afterwards, together *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **journey** |  | spider |  |  |  |  |  | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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