--- title: That night they slept in the bush, and the next day, when they got n… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: That night they slept in the bush, and the next day, when they got near the first town they had passed through when leaving home, the dog again dashed off into the forest, and chased a bush cow which he bit very badly in the leg. Who acts: spider, first town, dog, bush cow. A sentence of «Ikom folk --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/57/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Sp…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/) / 57 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 57 That night they slept in the bush, and the next day, when they got near the first town they had passed through when leaving home, the dog again dashed off into the forest, and chased a bush cow which he bit very badly in the leg. **Who acts:** spider, first town, dog, bush cow · **What happens:** sleep, get, pass, leave, dash off, chase · **To what, where:** bush, first town, spider, forest, bush cow, leg This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (spider, first town, dog, bush cow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:6:57 # text = That night they slept in the bush, and the next day, when they got near the first town they had passed through when leaving home, the dog again dashed off into the forest, and chased a bush cow which he bit very badly in the leg. 1 That that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 2 det _ _ 2 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl:unmarked _ _ 3 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 4 slept sleep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 16 advmod _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 17 near near ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 20 amod _ _ 20 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 acl:relcl _ _ 24 through through SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 25 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 26 advmod _ _ 26 leaving leave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 advcl _ _ 27 home home ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ _ 31 again again ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 dashed dash VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 acl:relcl _ _ 33 off off ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ _ 34 into into ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 chased chase VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 compound _ _ 42 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obj _ _ 43 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 45 nsubj _ _ 44 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 45 bit bite VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 42 acl:relcl _ _ 46 very very ADV RB _ 47 advmod _ _ 47 badly badly ADV RB Degree=Pos 45 advmod _ _ 48 in in ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 leg leg NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 51 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sleep** | past | spider | | | the bush | day; night | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in bush=Location | | 2 | **get** | past | spider | | | the first town and the dog | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **pass** | past · perfect · passive | the first town and the dog *not said here* | spider | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory | | 4 | **leave** | gerund | the first town and the dog *not said here* | | | | | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **dash off** | past | the dog *not said here* | | | the forest | again | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into forest=Destination | | 6 | **chase** | past | spider *not said here* | a bush cow | | | | | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme | | 7 | **bite** | past | a bush cow | | | the leg | | grasshopper *nsubj*; badly *property* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in leg=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 56](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/56/) - next →: [sentence 58](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/58/) - ↑ back to [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/)