---
title: This made the people angry, and they all turned out with sticks to b… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: This made the people angry, and they all turned out with sticks to beat the grasshopper, but when he saw them coming, he called out to them and soon convinced them that his dog had not bitten the chief’s cow, but had chased a bush cow and had wounded it badly. Who acts: This, people, grasshopper. A 
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 59

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This made the people angry, and they all turned out with sticks to beat the grasshopper, but when he saw them coming, he called out to them and soon convinced them that his dog had not bitten the chief’s cow, but had chased a bush cow and had wounded it badly.

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**Who acts:** This, people, grasshopper · **What happens:** make, turn out, beat, see, come, call out · **To what, where:** people, grasshopper, dog, bush cow

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, people, grasshopper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:6:59
# text = This made the people angry, and they all turned out with sticks to beat the grasshopper, but when he saw them coming, he called out to them and soon convinced them that his dog had not bitten the chief’s cow, but had chased a bush cow and had wounded it badly.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	advmod	_	_
10	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	grasshopper	grasshopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
19	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
28	out	out	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	33	advmod	_	_
33	convinced	convince	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
36	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
38	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
40	bitten	bite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	advcl	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	’s	's	PART	POS	_	42	case	_	_
44	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
47	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	aux	_	_
48	chased	chase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
49	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	compound	_	_
51	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
53	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	aux	_	_
54	wounded	wound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	48	conj	_	_
55	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	obj	_	_
56	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	54	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | This | the people |  |  |  | angry *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product |
| 2 | **turn out** | past | people |  |  |  |  | with sticks | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **beat** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | the grasshopper |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location grasshopper=Theme |
| 4 | **see** | past | grasshopper | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **come** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **call out** *speech: assert* | past | grasshopper |  | people |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient |
| 7 | **convince** | past | grasshopper *not said here* | people |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |
| 8 | **not** **bite** | past · perfect · passive |  | grasshopper's dog |  |  |  | the chief's cow *obj* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient cow=Result |
| 9 | **chase** | past · perfect |  | a bush cow |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cow=Theme |
| 10 | **wound** | past · perfect |  | dog |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus it=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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