--- title: The hunters then got their bows and arrows, and having been shown th… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The hunters then got their bows and arrows, and having been shown the tracks of the bush cow by the grasshopper, they had little difficulty in tracking it by its blood, and eventually killed it. Who acts: hunters, grasshopper. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Da --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/61/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Sp…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/) / 61 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper., sentence 61 The hunters then got their bows and arrows, and having been shown the tracks of the bush cow by the grasshopper, they had little difficulty in tracking it by its blood, and eventually killed it. **Who acts:** hunters, grasshopper · **What happens:** get, show, have, track, kill · **To what, where:** bows, tracks, little difficulty, difficulty This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunters, grasshopper), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:6:61 # text = The hunters then got their bows and arrows, and having been shown the tracks of the bush cow by the grasshopper, they had little difficulty in tracking it by its blood, and eventually killed it. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 hunters hunter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ _ 4 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 bows bow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 arrows arrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 having have AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 aux _ _ 12 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 shown show VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 tracks track NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 bush bush NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 20 by by ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 grasshopper grasshopper NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 26 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 difficulty difficulty NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 in in SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 29 tracking track VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _ 30 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 by by ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 eventually eventually ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 39 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **get** | past | the hunters | hunters's bows and arrows | | | then | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bow=Stimulus | | 2 | **show** | gerund · perfect · passive | the grasshopper | the tracks of the bush cow | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent track=Recipient | | 3 | **have** | past | hunters *= hunter* | little difficulty | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent difficulty=Patient | | 4 | **track** | gerund | hunters *= hunter* *not said here* | difficulty | | | | by difficulty's blood | vn stalk-35.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Theme by blood=Location | | 5 | **kill** | past | the hunters *not said here* | difficulty | | | | eventually *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 60](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/60/) - next →: [sentence 62](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/62/) - ↑ back to [Vii.--how Two Friends Fell Out: the Spider and the Grasshopper.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/6/)