---
title: Ogor had often been told by his mother not to go near the river, and… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: Ogor had often been told by his mother not to go near the river, and he was frequently warned not to play about with the other boys of his age in the town, as they would surely lead him into mischief. Who acts: Ogor, mother, towns. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinsto
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 107

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Ogor had often been told by his mother not to go near the river, and he was frequently warned not to play about with the other boys of his age in the town, as they would surely lead him into mischief.

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**Who acts:** Ogor, mother, towns · **What happens:** have, tell, not go, warn, not play about, lead · **To what, where:** river, Ogor, town, mischief · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ogor, mother, towns), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:107
# text = Ogor had often been told by his mother not to go near the river, and he was frequently warned not to play about with the other boys of his age in the town, as they would surely lead him into mischief.
1	Ogor	Ogor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
12	near	near	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
19	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	warned	warn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	23	advmod	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
24	about	about	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
36	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
37	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
38	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
39	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
40	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
41	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	obj	_	_
42	into	into	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	mischief	mischief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Ogor |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | participle · passive | Ogor's mother |  |  |  |  | often *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Ogor's mother *not said here* |  |  | the river |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme near river=Location |
| 4 | **warn** *speech: warn* | past · passive |  | Ogor |  |  |  | frequently *property* | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **play about** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the town |  | with the other boys of Ogor's age; about *property* | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with boy=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **lead** | would | towns *= town* | Ogor |  | mischief |  | surely *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into mischief=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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