--- title: The porcupine waited until the evening came, and then, having thanke… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: The porcupine waited until the evening came, and then, having thanked the water ju-ju for his kindness, swam off with Ogor, and took him to his mother’s house, taking care to go by the back way so that no one should see them. Who acts: porcupine, evening, water, one. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/134/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inku…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/) / 134 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 134 The porcupine waited until the evening came, and then, having thanked the water ju-ju for his kindness, swam off with Ogor, and took him to his mother’s house, taking care to go by the back way so that no one should see them. **Who acts:** porcupine, evening, water, one · **What happens:** wait, come, thank, ju, swim off, take · **To what, where:** water, house, care, houses This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porcupine, evening, water, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:7:134 # text = The porcupine waited until the evening came, and then, having thanked the water ju-ju for his kindness, swam off with Ogor, and took him to his mother’s house, taking care to go by the back way so that no one should see them. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 porcupine porcupine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 waited wait VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 until until SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 evening evening NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 10 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 13 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 having have AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 aux _ _ 13 thanked thank VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 15 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 16 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 18 ju ju NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 19 for for ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 kindness kindness NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 swam swim VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 24 off off ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Ogor Ogor PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 30 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 32 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 mother mother NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 34 ’s 's PART POS _ 33 case _ _ 35 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 taking take VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 29 advcl _ _ 38 care care NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 39 to to PART TO _ 40 mark _ _ 40 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 xcomp _ _ 41 by by ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 42 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 43 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 compound _ _ 44 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 obl _ _ 45 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 50 mark _ _ 46 that that SCONJ IN _ 45 fixed _ _ 47 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 48 det _ _ 48 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj _ _ 49 should should AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 50 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 advcl _ _ 51 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 52 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **wait** | past | the porcupine | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **come** | past | the evening | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **thank** *speech: thank* | gerund · perfect | the porcupine *not said here* | | | | then | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **ju** | | water | | | | | for water's kindness | tree rules | | 5 | **swim off** | past | the porcupine *not said here* | | | | | with Ogor | vn swarm-47.5.1-1 «PP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with ogor=Theme | | 6 | **take** | past | the porcupine *not said here* | water | | water's mother's house | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to house=Destination | | 7 | **take** | gerund | the porcupine *not said here* | care | | | | | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent care=Theme clause=Attribute | | 8 | **go** | to-infinitive | the porcupine *not said here* | | | | | by the back way | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by way=Location | | 9 | **see** | should | no one | houses *= house* | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 133](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/133/) - next →: [sentence 135](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/135/) - ↑ back to [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/)