---
title: She then thanked the porcupine, who went off to the chiefs of the to… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: She then thanked the porcupine, who went off to the chiefs of the town and delivered to them the message from the water ju-ju. Who acts: Omegha, porcupine. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., with its d
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 136

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She then thanked the porcupine, who went off to the chiefs of the town and delivered to them the message from the water ju-ju.

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**Who acts:** Omegha, porcupine · **What happens:** thank, go off, deliver · **To what, where:** porcupine, message, towns, water ju ju

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Omegha, porcupine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:136
# text = She then thanked the porcupine, who went off to the chiefs of the town and delivered to them the message from the water ju-ju.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	thanked	thank	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	porcupine	porcupine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	_
25	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	ju	ju	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | past | Omegha |  | the porcupine |  | then |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent porcupine=Theme |
| 2 | **go off** | past | the porcupine |  |  |  |  | to the chiefs of the town | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **deliver** | past | Omegha *not said here* | the message | towns *= town* | the water ju ju |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to they=Destination from ju=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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