---
title: He also pointed out that the water ju-ju had threatened to seize all… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: He also pointed out that the water ju-ju had threatened to seize all the people who went into the river if the boys were not properly punished. Who acts: Chief, people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 145

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He also pointed out that the water ju-ju had threatened to seize all the people who went into the river if the boys were not properly punished.

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**Who acts:** Chief, people · **What happens:** point out, threaten, seize, go, not punish · **To what, where:** water, people, river, boys

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:145
# text = He also pointed out that the water ju-ju had threatened to seize all the people who went into the river if the boys were not properly punished.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	pointed	point	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	ju	ju	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	ju	ju	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	threatened	threaten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	seize	seize	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
28	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **point out** | past | Chief |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **threaten** | past · perfect · passive |  | the water |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **seize** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | all people |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | past | all people |  |  | the river |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into river=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **not** **punish** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · passive |  | the boys |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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