--- title: In the morning the porcupine went down to the river, and dived in as… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: In the morning the porcupine went down to the river, and dived in as he had done before, and swam to the water ju-ju’s house and told him that Chief Eka offered to give him two slaves if he would release his son. Who acts: porcupine, Chief. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/162/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inku…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/) / 162 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 162 In the morning the porcupine went down to the river, and dived in as he had done before, and swam to the water ju-ju’s house and told him that Chief Eka offered to give him two slaves if he would release his son. **Who acts:** porcupine, Chief · **What happens:** go down, dive in, do, swim, tell, offer · **To what, where:** water, porcupine, two slaves, Chief, son · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (porcupine, Chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:7:162 # text = In the morning the porcupine went down to the river, and dived in as he had done before, and swam to the water ju-ju’s house and told him that Chief Eka offered to give him two slaves if he would release his son. 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 porcupine porcupine NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 down down ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 dived dive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 13 obl _ _ 15 as as SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 17 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 18 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 13 advcl _ _ 19 before before ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 swam swim VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 ju ju PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 27 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 28 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 ju ju PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 29 ’s 's PART POS _ 26 case _ _ 30 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 33 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 iobj _ _ 34 that that SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 35 Chief Chief PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 36 Eka Eka PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 flat _ _ 37 offered offer VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 38 to to PART TO _ 39 mark _ _ 39 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 xcomp _ _ 40 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 iobj _ _ 41 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 42 nummod _ _ 42 slaves slave NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 obj _ _ 43 if if SCONJ IN _ 46 mark _ _ 44 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nsubj _ _ 45 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 46 release release VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 39 advcl _ _ 47 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 49 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go down** | past | the porcupine | | | | morning | to the river; down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 2 | **dive in** | past | the porcupine *not said here* | | | | | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **do** | past · perfect | porcupine | | | | | before *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **swim** | past | the porcupine *not said here* | | | the water ju's house | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to water=Destination | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the porcupine *not said here* | | porcupine | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | | 6 | **offer** | past | Chief | | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **give** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Chief *not said here* | two slaves | Chief | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient slave=Theme | | 8 | **release** *a condition, not said to happen* | would | Chief | Chief's son | | | | | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer son=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 161](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/161/) - next →: [sentence 163](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/163/) - ↑ back to [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/)