--- title: Then, in the early morning, before it was light, the Inkum boys went… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics description: Then, in the early morning, before it was light, the Inkum boys went to the pit, and having taken out the body, covered the blood stains with sand and carried the body back to the town. Who acts: rock, Inkum boys, blood. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/) / [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inku…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/) / 17 # Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 17 Then, in the early morning, before it was light, the Inkum boys went to the pit, and having taken out the body, covered the blood stains with sand and carried the body back to the town. **Who acts:** rock, Inkum boys, blood · **What happens:** be, go, take out, cover, stain, carry back · **To what, where:** pit, body, town This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rock, Inkum boys, blood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg70959:7:17 # text = Then, in the early morning, before it was light, the Inkum boys went to the pit, and having taken out the body, covered the blood stains with sand and carried the body back to the town. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 16 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 before before SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 10 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 11 light light ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 14 Inkum Inkum PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 boys boy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 17 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 pit pit NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 having have AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 aux _ _ 23 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 conj _ _ 24 out out ADP RP _ 23 compound:prt _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 covered cover VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 31 stains stain VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ _ 32 with with ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 sand sand NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 35 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obj _ _ 38 back back ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 39 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 town town NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 42 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | rock | | | | | light *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **go** | past | the Inkum boys | | | the pit | then; morning | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to pit=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **take out** | gerund · perfect | the Inkum boys *not said here* | the body | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent body=Theme | | 4 | **cover** | past | the Inkum boys *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **stain** | present | the blood | | | | | with sand | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with sand=Theme | | 6 | **carry back** | past | the Inkum boys *not said here* | the body | | the town | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent body=Theme to town=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/16/) - next →: [sentence 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/18/) - ↑ back to [Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/7/)