---
title: So the following morning the Inkum young men surrounded Enfitop, but… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: So the following morning the Inkum young men surrounded Enfitop, but hid themselves in the bush, and waited there until all the men and women had gone to their farms to work, leaving only the old people and young children in the town. Who acts: men. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nig
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 28

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So the following morning the Inkum young men surrounded Enfitop, but hid themselves in the bush, and waited there until all the men and women had gone to their farms to work, leaving only the old people and young children in the town.

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**Who acts:** men · **What happens:** follow, surround, hide, wait, go, work · **To what, where:** Inkum young men, children, bush, farms, old people, town

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:28
# text = So the following morning the Inkum young men surrounded Enfitop, but hid themselves in the bush, and waited there until all the men and women had gone to their farms to work, leaving only the old people and young children in the town.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	Inkum	Inkum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	Enfitop	Enfitop	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	bush	bush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	parataxis	_	_
21	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
22	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
23	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	25	det:predet	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
28	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	conj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
37	only	only	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obj	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
42	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	conj	_	_
44	in	in	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **surround** | participle |  | the Inkum young men *not said here* |  |  |  | Enfitop *obl:agent* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hide** | past |  | children *= child* |  | the bush | morning |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient in bush=Location |
| 4 | **wait** | past |  |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **go** | past · perfect | all men and women |  |  | children's farms |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to farm=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **work** | to-infinitive | all men and women *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **leave** | gerund | all men and women *not said here* | the old people and young children |  | the town |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent people=Theme in town=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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