---
title: The next day he called all his people together, and they held a big… — Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria · tree and pragmatics
description: The next day he called all his people together, and they held a big palaver to settle what should be done. Who acts: Chief, people. A sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop., sentence 33

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The next day he called all his people together, and they held a big palaver to settle what should be done.

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**Who acts:** Chief, people · **What happens:** call, hold, settle, do · **To what, where:** people, big palaver · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Ix.--the Story of the War Between Inkum and Enfitop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chief, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg70959:7:33
# text = The next day he called all his people together, and they held a big palaver to settle what should be done.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	palaver	palaver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	settle	settle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	acl	_	_
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	22	obj	_	_
20	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Chief |  | Chief's people |  | day | together *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient |
| 2 | **hold** | past | people | a big palaver |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent palaver=Theme |
| 3 | **settle** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* | a big palaver *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **do** | should · passive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | what *obj* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: what=Eventuality |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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